Tzou and Tseng (1990) used distributed piezoelectric sensors and actuators to construct a piezoelectric thin hexahedron solid element for plate and shell analysis. Smart beams with embedded or surface dispersed piezoelectric sensors and actuators were first examined in the context of analytical methods by Bailey and Hubbard (1985) and Shen (1995). For constant monitoring of the composite structures under discussion, this technology was employed in conjunction with an active signal system. To forecast delamination, Sohn et al. (2003) devised a signal processing methodology for composite plates. An empirical estimate of electrical potential could be the starting point for the nonlinear piezoelectric panel model for full electromechanical coupling. Pasquali and Gaudenzi (2012) proposed a nonlinear piezoelectric plate model capable of accurately exhibiting the piezoelectric effect. Aabid et al. (2021) specified that piezoelectric structures were utilized as smart materials because of their easy handling and implementation, service bandwidth, and low cost. For a thin plate with a single pair of piezoelectric voltage sensors and voltage actuators, examples were presented in the following. The impact of mesh size, model reduction, boundary conditions, and sensor/actuator configuration on the evaluation of transmission zeros of piezoelectric structures was investigated by Pathak et al. (2021). Large-scale space structures, airplane structures, and satellites could all benefit from the integration of the piezoelectric material with the laminated composite plate (LCP) ( Phung-Van et al., 2015).īecause of the attractive properties of piezoelectric composite materials, several numerical approaches for modeling and simulating their behavior have been presented. Researchers are intrigued by the idea of integrating a network of actuators and sensors to create a self-controlling–monitoring “smart” system in advanced structural design. Whenever electrical energy is applied, the elementary cells of the piezoelectric material change their dimension, or one can say a linear motion is produced. The converse effect is a phenomenon that can be used in actuators. An electrical field can be used to create movement, strain, or mechanical force. This is known as the direct effect, and it is common in sensors. Applying mechanical stress to a material can result in electrical polarization. This phenomenon is known as the piezoelectric effect, and it is caused by the presence of electric dipoles within the material ( Lippmann, 1881 Hwang and Park, 1993). When mechanical pressure is applied to some materials, they become electrically polarized. These real-world examples have paved the way for the development of smart materials such as force-sensitive piezoelectric materials. Chameleons, mimosa pudica, octopus, and squid are just a few examples of animals and plants that change shape, size, or color in response to various stimuli. ![]() Piezoelectric materials can sense and respond to external stimuli (load, pressure) and switch dynamically between multiple orientations. In addition, the rate of voltage generation observed is the highest under the N 4 loading condition and the lowest under the N 5 type of load. It is noted that, with a higher piezoelectric to laminate thickness (t/h) ratio, the maximum OC output voltage is observed. The combined effect of external load and voltage presented in the study will be useful for analyzing the deflection variation, and it can further be implemented in reducing deflection or vibration. ![]() The maximum OC (open circuit) output voltage is generated with the N 4 type of loading compared with N i ( i = 1–4) on the other hand, the OC output voltage is minimum with N 5. The study also utilized open and close circuit arrangements as sensors and actuators to gauge the performance of PCP in the form of static bending analysis. The effects of plate aspect ratio, thickness ratio, boundary conditions, ply orientations, nature of loading conditions, and voltage variation are presented. For the first time, the effects of electrical loading, circuit arrangement, voltage variation, and polynomial variable transverse loading are studied over piezoelectric composite plate (PCP). The present study focused on the performance of piezoelectric laminated composite plate under various electromechanical loading conditions by utilizing the first-order shear deformation theory with the Newton–Raphson residual and iteration with Gauss integration point in Ansys. They owe their success to several factors, including low price, high bandwidth, availability in various formats, and ease of handling and implementation. Among many smart materials, piezoelectric materials have emerged as the most studied ones for practical applications.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |